Biomedical Research Horizons
type: channel
description: Biomedical Research Horizons (ISSN Online: 3106-7689 | ISSN Print: 3106-7670) is an open-access, quarterly, double-blind peer-reviewed journal dedicated to advancing research across the biological sciences. The journal publishes high-quality, original research spanning a wide range of disciplines, including molecular biology, biotechnology, microbiology, genetics, biochemistry, environmental sciences, and other interdisciplinary areas within the life sciences. Biomedical Research Horizons is published by the Institute for Excellence in Education and Research (IEER), a legally registered organization with the Securities and Exchange Commission of Pakistan (SECP) under registration number 0224595. Upholding the highest standards of academic integrity, rigorous peer-review, and global open accessibility, the journal serves as a credible platform for researchers and scholars to disseminate scientific knowledge and promote innovation in the biosciences.
language: en
publication name: Biomedical Research Horizons
items: KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICES, AND CHALLENGES OF NURSES IN EARLY DETECTION AND PREVENTION OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCER COMPLICATIONS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
items: IMPACT OF UTERINE FIBROIDS ON PREGNANCY OUTCOMES IN DIR LOWER
items: ANIMAL CLIMATE RESILIENCE: EPIGENETIC ADAPTATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
items: GLOBAL STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS MONKEYPOX: PREVENTION, VACCINATION, AND CONTROL CHALLENGES
items: PREVALENCE AND UNDERLYING CAUSES OF SHOULDER PAIN IN PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS
items: STAGE-DEPENDENT HEPATITIS C RISK AND OUTCOMES IN PRE-DIALYSIS CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
items: RISK FACTORS DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS INFLUENCING POSTOPERATIVE MECHANICAL VENTILATION DURATION IN ADULT CARDIAC SURGERY
items: ADVANCES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR LUNG CANCER: TOOLS, APPLICATIONS, AND LIMITATIONS
items: ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AND VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY IN DYSPEPTIC PATIENTS: INSIGHTS FROM A LOW-INCOME SETTING
items: EFFECTIVENESS OF DRY HEAT APPLICATION IN REDUCING POST-EPISIOTOMY PAIN DURING EARLY POSTPARTUM RECOVERY
items: EVALUATION OF NURSES’ COMPETENCE IN CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER-ASSOCIATED INFECTION PREVENTION
items: COMPARATIVE SAFETY OF JAK INHIBITORS AND BIOLOGIC DMARDS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT ANALYSIS
items: INCIDENCE OF NEGATIVE APPENDECTOMIES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
items: ASSESSING NEONATAL COMPLICATIONS IN LATE PRETERM INFANTS RELATIVE TO TERM BIRTHS
items: ASSESSING THE FREQUENCY OF SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM AMONG WOMEN WITH PCOS
items: NURSE–PHYSICIAN COLLABORATION AND PERCEPTIONS AT MMC MARDAN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
items: CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND UNMET FAMILY PLANNING NEEDS IN DERA GHAZI KHAN
items: EFFECT OF ANTENATAL CORTICOSTEROIDS ON NICU ADMISSIONS IN PRETERM NEONATES: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
items: PREVALENCE OF DIABETES AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN CHILDREN WITH CELIAC DISEASE
items: COMPARING EARLY AND DELAYED ILEOSTOMY REVERSAL IN INTESTINAL PERFORATION PATIENTS
items: PARENTAL EMOTIONAL ABUSE, RESILIENCE, AND ACADEMIC PROCRASTINATION IN PAKISTANI MEDICAL STUDENTS
items: NURSING INTERVENTIONS TO PROMOTE SELF-CARE IN CEREBRAL PALSY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
items: KNOWLEDGE OF SCABIES IN A RURAL FEMALE POPULATION, LAHORE
items: SHARED GENETIC PATHWAYS IN HEPATITIS B/C AND CIRRHOSIS: A NETWORK-BASED GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS
items: TENS FOR POSTOPERATIVE PAIN AFTER CABG: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
items: MANAGING MAJOR DEPRESSION WITH BORDERLINE PERSONALITY TRAITS: THERAPEUTIC INSIGHTS
items: NON-ENDOSCOPIC ASSESSMENT OF ESOPHAGEAL VARICES IN LIVER CIRRHOSIS
items: EXPLORING POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN PRIMIPAROUS WOMEN ATTENDING OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENTS
items: EFFICACY OF ANTENATAL MAGNESIUM SULPHATE IN REDUCING CEREBRAL PALSY RISK: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
items: LEVEL OF LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG PATIENTS OF END STAGE RENAL DISEASE (ESRD) UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY

KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICES, AND CHALLENGES OF NURSES IN EARLY DETECTION AND PREVENTION OF DIABETIC FOOT ULCER COMPLICATIONS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
type: item
description: Diabetic foot complications are among the most serious outcomes of diabetes mellitus, often leading to infections, amputations, and life-threatening conditions. Early detection and prevention largely depend on the knowledge, practices, and interventions of nurses. This study aimed to assess the awareness, practices, and challenges faced by nurses in the early identification, prevention, and management of diabetic foot complications. Data were collected using structured questionnaires administered to nurses working in diabetic clinics, general wards, and wound care units. The findings revealed that while Kenyan nurses demonstrated a basic understanding of diabetic foot care, significant barriers—including limited education, time constraints, and inadequate resources—hinder the implementation of effective preventive measures. The study underscores the urgent need for comprehensive training programs, enhanced educational resources, and stronger institutional and policy support to improve nurses’ capacity in diabetic foot management. Strengthening these areas is essential to reducing severe complications, minimizing amputations, and improving patient outcomes in diabetic care.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Diabetic foot care, nursing practice, early detection, prevention, diabetes-related complications, healthcare challenges, knowledge, clinical performance, barriers, wound management.
  topic: keywords
creator: Syed Yousaf Ali Shah
creator: Muhammad Abdullah Saleem
creator: Muhammad Hamza
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 42
ending page: 58

IMPACT OF UTERINE FIBROIDS ON PREGNANCY OUTCOMES IN DIR LOWER
type: item
description: Uterine fibroids are the most common benign tumors in women of reproductive age and can significantly complicate pregnancy and delivery outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the clinical characteristics, anatomical distribution, delivery patterns, and maternal complications associated with fibroids during pregnancy. A retrospective analysis was conducted on 112 pregnant women diagnosed with uterine fibroids. Data were collected on fibroid type, location, number, gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, cesarean section indications, and maternal complications. Subserous fibroids were the most frequent (65.18%), followed by submucous (25.89%) and intramural types (8.93%). The uterine fundus was the most common site of localization (77.68%). More than half of the patients (50.89%) presented with two to three fibroids. Most women delivered at term (37–40 weeks, 75.89%), with cesarean section being the predominant mode of delivery (62.50%). The leading indication for cesarean was premature rupture of membranes (PROM) with a poor Bishop score (21.43%). The most common maternal complications included threatened preterm labor (22.32%), blood transfusion requirement (19.64%), and threatened miscarriage (17.86%). Findings indicate that uterine fibroids substantially affect pregnancy outcomes, increasing the risk of cesarean delivery and maternal morbidity. Early diagnosis, close monitoring, and individualized antenatal care are critical to optimizing maternal and fetal health in affected women
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Uterine fibroids; pregnancy outcomes; cesarean section; maternal complications; fibroid types; delivery mode
  topic: keywords
creator: Ms. Muqaddas Khalil
creator: Ms. Sundas Khattak
creator: Ms. Rahma Sohail
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 31
ending page: 41

ANIMAL CLIMATE RESILIENCE: EPIGENETIC ADAPTATIONS AND IMPLICATIONS FOR CONSERVATION BIOLOGY
type: item
description: Climate change poses critical threats to biodiversity, demanding rapid adaptive responses beyond the pace of traditional evolutionary processes. Epigenetics—heritable modifications in gene expression without changes to DNA sequence—has emerged as a key mechanism enabling short-term phenotypic plasticity and resilience. This review synthesizes evidence on epigenetic mechanisms, including DNA methylation, histone modification, and non-coding RNA regulation, that facilitate animal responses to climate stressors such as temperature extremes, habitat loss, and ocean acidification. Case studies highlight heat-tolerant lizards exhibiting methylation-driven heat-shock protein expression and marine fish showing transgenerational inheritance of salinity-resilient traits. These findings underscore the role of epigenetics in bridging immediate environmental stress and long-term adaptation. The conservation relevance of epigenetic plasticity is also explored. Epigenetic diversity may act as an underrecognized reservoir of adaptive potential, particularly in small or isolated populations. However, uncertainties remain regarding the stability of epigenetic changes across generations, their interaction with genetic variation, and the ecological implications of epigenetic drift. Advances such as CRISPR-based epigenome editing and high-resolution sequencing offer new opportunities to clarify these dynamics. Integrating epigenetics into conservation strategies will require interdisciplinary collaboration and careful consideration of ethical challenges. Prioritizing long-term studies and comparative approaches can help unlock the potential of epigenetics to enhance biodiversity resilience in the face of rapid climate change
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Epigenetics, Climate change adaptation, Phenotypic plasticity, DNA methylation, Conservation biology, Animal resilience, Environmental stressors
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Waseem
creator: Muhammad Shahbaz Khan Afridi
creator: Dr. Naseem
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 20
ending page: 30

GLOBAL STRATEGIES TO ADDRESS MONKEYPOX: PREVENTION, VACCINATION, AND CONTROL CHALLENGES
type: item
description: Monkeypox, a zoonotic viral disease caused by the monkeypox virus (MPXV), was historically confined to Central and West Africa but has now emerged as a significant global public health concern. Transmission occurs through direct contact with bodily fluids, lesions, or respiratory droplets, as well as via animal-to-human exposure. Individuals with weakened immune systems are at higher risk of severe disease. The 2022 international outbreak, driven by global travel, human–animal interactions, and waning smallpox immunity, marked the virus’s spread beyond endemic regions and posed particular challenges for healthcare systems and professionals. Preventive measures such as personal hygiene, patient isolation, and the use of protective equipment remain critical. In clinical management, antivirals such as Tecovirimat and smallpox-based vaccines (JYNNEOS and ACAM2000) are valuable tools. Public health strategies—including contact tracing, quarantine, and early diagnosis—are essential for containment. However, prevention and control efforts are hindered by barriers such as limited healthcare infrastructure, misinformation, stigma, and resource constraints. Addressing these challenges requires strengthened surveillance systems, targeted vaccination strategies, and coordinated international collaboration. Enhancing these measures will be vital to mitigating the global impact of monkeypox outbreaks.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Monkeypox, Zoonotically, Vaccination, Containment, Protective gears, Immunization Isolation, Quarantine
  topic: keywords
creator: Haris Munir
creator: Fazeelat Kousar
creator: Beerah Mahreen
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 10
ending page: 19

PREVALENCE AND UNDERLYING CAUSES OF SHOULDER PAIN IN PHYSICAL MEDICINE AND REHABILITATION CLINICS
type: item
description: Background: Shoulder pain is one of the most common musculoskeletal complaints encountered in physical medicine and rehabilitation (PM&R) outpatient clinics. It significantly affects patients’ daily functioning and quality of life, making accurate diagnosis and appropriate management essential. Aim: This study aimed to identify the most frequent causes of shoulder pain among patients presenting to PM&R outpatient clinics and to support improved diagnostic and therapeutic strategies. Methods: A quantitative comparative cross-sectional study was conducted on 320 patients. The sample size was determined using the WHO calculator at a 95% confidence interval, 2.3% absolute precision, and an estimated prevalence of shoulder osteoarthritis of 4.6%. Data collection included patient interviews, physical examinations, and imaging modalities (X-ray, MRI, and ultrasound). Statistical analysis comprised descriptive statistics, ANOVA, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression, with results presented through tables, bar charts, pie charts, and scatter plots. Results: The most common etiologies of shoulder pain were rotator cuff tendinitis (30%), adhesive capsulitis (20%), osteoarthritis (15%), bursitis (10%), and cervical radiculopathy (5%). Additional causes included labral tears (7.5%), fractures (5%), and referred pain (10%). Demographic factors such as age, gender, and occupation were found to be significantly associated with specific pathologies. Conclusion: Rotator cuff tendinitis and adhesive capsulitis were identified as the leading causes of shoulder pain in PM&R outpatients. Early recognition of these conditions and other less common etiologies is crucial for timely and targeted management, ultimately improving patient outcomes and reducing the overall burden of shoulder-related disability
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject:
  topic: keywords
  value: Adhesive Capsulitis, Bursitis, Cervical Radiculopathy, Labral Tears, Musculoskeletal Disorders, Osteoarthritis, Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Referred Pain, Rotator Cuff Tendinitis, Shoulder Pain
creator: Razia Faqir
creator: Zunaira Amir
creator: Sayeda Sidra
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2026-03-31
publication date: 2026-03-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 9

STAGE-DEPENDENT HEPATITIS C RISK AND OUTCOMES IN PRE-DIALYSIS CHRONIC KIDNEY DISEASE
type: item
description: Hepatitis C virus (HCV) is a significant comorbidity in chronic kidney disease (CKD), yet its prevalence in pre-dialysis populations is underexplored. This cross-sectional study assessed 220 pre-dialysis CKD patients at a tertiary care hospital in Karachi. HCV screening was performed via ELISA, and demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were analyzed using SPSS v16. HCV prevalence was 13.2% (n=29), predominantly in Stage 4 CKD (86.2%, p<0.001), with no cases detected in Stages 2–3. Traditional metabolic risk factors, including hypertension and diabetes, were not significantly associated with HCV positivity. Lower education levels showed a marginal association (p=0.03), while blood transfusions and surgical history were non-significant. These results indicate that HCV disproportionately affects advanced pre-dialysis CKD patients, independent of conventional metabolic risks. The findings support routine HCV screening in Stage 4 CKD and timely antiviral therapy to mitigate renal decline, alongside targeted prevention strategies considering socioeconomic determinants.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Hepatitis C virus
  topic: keywords
subject: Chronic kidney disease
  topic: keywords
subject: Pre-dialysis, Stage 4 CKD
  topic: keywords
subject: Antiviral therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: Socioeconomic factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Screening
  topic: keywords
creator: Saira Anwar
creator: Imran Qaiser
creator: Anam
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 48
ending page: 55

RISK FACTORS DURING CARDIOPULMONARY BYPASS INFLUENCING POSTOPERATIVE MECHANICAL VENTILATION DURATION IN ADULT CARDIAC SURGERY
type: item
description: Prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) after adult cardiac surgery increases morbidity, mortality, and ICU resource use. While predictors are well-studied in pediatric populations, adult data remain limited. This study aimed to identify risk factors for PMV in adults undergoing cardiac surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB).A prospective study of 85 adult patients undergoing CPB assessed 20 preoperative, intraoperative, and postoperative variables. PMV was defined as mechanical ventilation exceeding 24 hours. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression analyses were performed to determine independent predictors.Ten patients (11.8%) experienced PMV (median 31 hours vs. 5 hours in non-PMV). Independent risk factors included advanced age (p=0.015), prolonged CPB time (p=0.042), higher cardioplegia volume (p=0.004), postoperative pneumonia (p=0.023), and extended ICU stay (p=0.005).Advanced age, extended CPB duration, increased cardioplegia volume, postoperative pneumonia, and longer ICU stay significantly elevate the risk of PMV in adult cardiac surgery. Early identification of these factors can guide perioperative management, minimize ventilator dependence, and improve postoperative outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Prolonged mechanical ventilation
  topic: keywords
subject: Adult cardiac surgery
  topic: keywords
subject: Cardiopulmonary bypass
  topic: keywords
subject: Risk factors
  topic: keywords
subject: Postoperative pneumonia
  topic: keywords
subject: Cardioplegia volume
  topic: keywords
subject: Intensive care stay
  topic: keywords
creator: Wajid Usman
creator: Aziz Muhammad
creator: Imran Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 33
ending page: 47

ADVANCES IN ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE FOR LUNG CANCER: TOOLS, APPLICATIONS, AND LIMITATIONS
type: item
description: Artificial Intelligence (AI) has become a transformative tool in medicine, offering innovative approaches for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment planning. Lung cancer remains a leading cause of mortality globally, necessitating advanced strategies for early detection and effective management. This review highlights current AI applications in lung cancer, including tools for detection, diagnosis, prediction, and therapeutic planning. It also addresses key challenges in clinical implementation, such as data quality, model interpretability, and integration into healthcare systems. Strategies to overcome these limitations are discussed, alongside future directions for AI development in oncology. By improving diagnostic accuracy, optimizing treatment decisions, and enhancing accessibility, AI holds significant potential to advance lung cancer management and improve patient outcomes worldwide
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Artificial Intelligence, Lung Cancer, Early Detection, Diagnostic Tools, Treatment Planning, Predictive Modeling, Oncology
  topic: keywords
creator: Ali Khan
creator: Hammad Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 19
ending page: 32

ASSOCIATION BETWEEN HELICOBACTER PYLORI INFECTION AND VITAMIN B12 DEFICIENCY IN DYSPEPTIC PATIENTS: INSIGHTS FROM A LOW-INCOME SETTING
type: item
description: This cross-sectional study examined the relationship between Helicobacter pylori infection and vitamin B12 deficiency among 273 dyspeptic patients undergoing endoscopy at a tertiary care center. Gastric biopsy confirmed H. pylori infection, while serum vitamin B12 levels were assessed biochemically. Overall, 61.2% of patients were H. pylori-positive, among whom 70.6% exhibited vitamin B12 deficiency, compared to 29.5% in uninfected individuals (p < 0.05). Socioeconomic status showed a significant association, with deficiency rates of 30% in lower-income groups versus 3.6% in higher-income groups (p = 0.045). These findings indicate that H. pylori infection markedly increases the risk of vitamin B12 malabsorption, particularly in resource-limited populations. Routine screening for B12 deficiency in H. pylori-positive dyspeptic patients, along with integrated nutritional and antimicrobial interventions, is recommended to mitigate deficiency-related complications
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Helicobacter pylori, Vitamin B12 deficiency, Dyspepsia, Micronutrient malabsorption, Nutritional anemia, Socioeconomic factors
  topic: keywords
creator: Bakhtiar Zazi
creator: Zohaib Shahid
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 10
ending page: 18

EFFECTIVENESS OF DRY HEAT APPLICATION IN REDUCING POST-EPISIOTOMY PAIN DURING EARLY POSTPARTUM RECOVERY
type: item
description: Post-episiotomy pain can hinder a mother’s physical recovery, emotional well-being, breastfeeding, and mother–infant bonding. Effective pain management during the early postpartum period is therefore essential. Non-pharmacological strategies, such as dry heat and moist heat applications, have been shown to alleviate discomfort; however, limited evidence compares their effectiveness. This study was conducted in the postnatal ward of a secondary healthcare hospital in Tharparkar, Sindh, Pakistan. A total of 1,094 postpartum women with episiotomies were randomly assigned to two groups: dry heat (n=547) and moist heat (n=547). Pain levels were assessed using the Visual Analog Scale (VAS) before and after each intervention, administered twice daily for two consecutive days. Data were analyzed using SPSS, with statistical significance set at p<0.05.By day two, mean VAS scores decreased from 6.1 to 2.5 in the dry heat group, compared to 6.2 to 3.8 in the moist heat group (p<0.001). Furthermore, 65% of women in the dry heat group achieved effective pain relief (VAS ≤3), compared to 45% in the moist heat group. These findings suggest that dry heat therapy is more effective than moist heat in relieving post-episiotomy pain during the early postpartum period. Given its significant reduction in pain and higher effectiveness rates, dry heat application should be considered a first-line non-pharmacological intervention for postpartum pain management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: mini-pap smear
  topic: keywords
subject: hush puppy rule
  topic: keywords
subject: dry heat therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: moist heat therapy
  topic: keywords
subject: maternal
  topic: keywords
creator: Maham Khalid
creator: Sumaira Sharif
rights: Copyright (c) 2026
date: 2025-12-31
publication date: 2025-12-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 9

EVALUATION OF NURSES’ COMPETENCE IN CENTRAL VENOUS CATHETER-ASSOCIATED INFECTION PREVENTION
type: item
description: Background: Central venous catheters (CVCs) are widely used in intensive care units for administering fluids, medications, nutrition, and for hemodynamic monitoring. Proper care of CVCs is critical, as they pose a significant risk for bloodstream infections. Objective: This study aimed to assess nurses’ knowledge and practices regarding the prevention of CVC-associated infections. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among nurses working in critical care settings. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, including frequency distributions, and normality checks. Results: Among the participants, 61 (41.2%) demonstrated poor knowledge of CVC infection prevention, while 53 (35.8%) exhibited suboptimal practices. Conclusion: The study highlights that a substantial proportion of nurses possess inadequate knowledge and engage in poor practices concerning CVC infection prevention. Targeted educational interventions and training programs are recommended to enhance adherence to evidence-based infection control practices.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: CVC (Central Venous Catheter)
  topic: keywords
subject: knowledge
  topic: keywords
subject: and practices
  topic: keywords
creator: Khalid Aslam
creator: Ahmad Alam
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 29
ending page: 34

COMPARATIVE SAFETY OF JAK INHIBITORS AND BIOLOGIC DMARDS IN RHEUMATOID ARTHRITIS: A RETROSPECTIVE COHORT ANALYSIS
type: item
description: Background: Ambulance personnel face demanding work conditions, including long hours, night shifts, and frequent weekend duties, which can adversely affect stress levels, emotional well-being, and work-life balance. Objective: This study aimed to examine the relationships among stress, emotional intelligence, and work-life balance in ambulance paramedics. Methods: A descriptive-correlational design was employed, involving 120 ambulance paramedics with at least two years of experience, recruited from two regional ambulance services. Data were collected via online self-assessment questionnaires between April and June 2023. Descriptive statistics (frequency, mean, SD) and inferential analyses were used to explore variable relationships. Results: Participants reported moderate stress levels (mean = 87.07) and compromised work-life balance (mean = 41.26), despite demonstrating high emotional intelligence. Work demands frequently intruded on personal life, contributing to fatigue and stress. Higher emotional intelligence was associated with slightly better coping, but it did not fully mitigate work-related strain. Conclusion: Ambulance personnel exhibit high emotional intelligence but remain vulnerable to stress and disrupted work-life balance due to the demanding nature of their work. Interventions aimed at stress management and work-life support are recommended.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Stress
  topic: keywords
subject: Work-Life Balance
  topic: keywords
subject: Emotional Intelligence
  topic: keywords
subject: Ambulance personnel
  topic: keywords
subject: Paramedics
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Sajid Ali
creator: Hasnain Khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 22
ending page: 28

INCIDENCE OF NEGATIVE APPENDECTOMIES IN A TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL
type: item
description: Background: Acute appendicitis is a common surgical emergency, yet negative appendectomy rates remain high despite clinical scoring and imaging. This study evaluated the frequency of negative appendectomies in a tertiary care hospital in Peshawar. Methods: A prospective cross-sectional study was conducted at Holy Family Hospital from October 2024 to February 2025. A total of 305 patients aged 18–60 years, clinically diagnosed with acute appendicitis (Alvarado score ≥7) and, when needed, confirmed by ultrasound, underwent open appendectomy. Histopathology was used as the diagnostic gold standard. Results: Negative appendectomies occurred in 31 patients (10.2%), with women showing a higher rate than men (13.4% vs. 7.1%, p < 0.05). Mean Alvarado scores were significantly lower in the negative group (6.4 ± 1.0) compared to the positive group (8.1 ± 1.1, p = 0.001). Conclusion: A 10.2% negative appendectomy rate highlights the need for improved preoperative diagnostics. Refining clinical scoring thresholds and selectively employing advanced imaging can help reduce unnecessary surgeries.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Acute appendicitis
  topic: keywords
subject: Negative appendectomy
  topic: keywords
subject: Alvarado score
  topic: keywords
subject: Histopathology
  topic: keywords
subject: Preoperative diagnosis
  topic: keywords
subject: Tertiary care
  topic: keywords
subject: Surgical outcomes
  topic: keywords
creator: Misbahuddin
creator: Laiba Akram
creator: Hammad Iftikhar
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 17
ending page: 21

ASSESSING NEONATAL COMPLICATIONS IN LATE PRETERM INFANTS RELATIVE TO TERM BIRTHS
type: item
description: Background: Late preterm infants (34–36 weeks gestation) are physiologically immature, increasing their risk of morbidity and mortality compared to term infants. This study evaluated neonatal outcomes and mortality risk factors in late preterm infants. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted on 200 neonates (100 late preterm, 100 term). Clinical and demographic variables were analyzed using chi-square and t-tests, while logistic regression identified predictors of mortality (p < 0.05). Results: Late preterm infants had lower birth weights (2.18 ± 0.53 kg vs. 2.97 ± 0.58 kg, p < 0.01) and APGAR scores (p < 0.01). Morbidities—including sepsis, respiratory distress, hypoglycemia, perinatal asphyxia, and need for mechanical ventilation—were significantly higher (p < 0.01). Mortality was also elevated (48% vs. 12%, p < 0.01). Mechanical ventilation emerged as a strong independent predictor of mortality (OR: 0.027, p < 0.001), while late preterm birth showed a non-significant trend (p = 0.094). Conclusion: Late preterm infants experience substantially higher morbidity and mortality. Close monitoring and timely interventions, particularly regarding respiratory support, are essential to improve outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Late preterm infants
  topic: keywords
subject: Neonatal morbidity
  topic: keywords
subject: Neonatal mortality
  topic: keywords
subject: Mechanical ventilation
  topic: keywords
subject: Perinatal outcomes
  topic: keywords
subject: APGAR score
  topic: keywords
subject: Sepsis
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Sara khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 7
ending page: 16

ASSESSING THE FREQUENCY OF SUBCLINICAL HYPOTHYROIDISM AMONG WOMEN WITH PCOS
type: item
description: Background: Polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrine disorder in reproductive-aged women, often linked to metabolic complications. Subclinical hypothyroidism (SCH), though asymptomatic, shares features with PCOS, including insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and menstrual irregularities. Objective: To determine the prevalence of SCH among women with PCOS at a tertiary care hospital. Methods: In this descriptive cross-sectional study, 158 women aged 20–50 years with PCOS (Rotterdam criteria) were recruited from Bahawal Victoria Hospital, Bahawalpur, between April and September 2024. Patients with known thyroid disorders or other endocrine conditions were excluded. Thyroid function tests were performed, with SCH defined as TSH >5.0 mIU/L and normal free T4 (0.91–1.55 ng/dL). Data were analyzed using SPSS v25; associations were assessed with Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests (p ≤ 0.05). Results: SCH was observed in 36 patients (22.8%). Significant associations were found with elevated BMI, longer PCOS duration, and family history of thyroid disorders. Conclusion: SCH is prevalent in women with PCOS, supporting the need for routine thyroid screening to enable early management and improve outcomes.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS)
  topic: keywords
subject: Subclinical Hypothyroidism (SCH)
  topic: keywords
subject: Thyroid Dysfunction
  topic: keywords
subject: Insulin Resistance
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Sami Ullah
creator: Mir Wali Shah
creator: Syeda Arfa Quddusi
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-09-30
publication date: 2025-09-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 6

NURSE–PHYSICIAN COLLABORATION AND PERCEPTIONS AT MMC MARDAN: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
type: item
description: Background: This cross-sectional study explores the perceptions of nurses and physicians regarding nurse–physician collaboration at Mardan Medical Complex, KPK, Pakistan, and how demographic factors (age, gender, education, experience, and department) influence these perceptions. Effective collaboration is essential for improving healthcare outcomes, and understanding these perceptions can help hospital administrators develop targeted interventions to enhance interdisciplinary teamwork. Objectives: a) To assess nurses' and physicians' perceptions of their collaboration. b) To examine the impact of demographic factors on these perceptions. Method: Using convenience sampling, 154 participants (74 nurses and 80 physicians) were surveyed via a structured questionnaire. The sample size was determined using Raosoft software. Data were analyzed to identify the influence of demographic factors on perceptions of collaboration. Results: Participants were mostly aged 20–30 (61.7%), with 58.4% male and 40.9% female. Educationally, 51.9% held MBBS degrees, 34.4% had BSN/Post RN, and 13.6% held nursing diplomas. Most (64.3%) had 1–5 years of experience, and 61.7% worked in general wards. Perception scores showed moderate variation (mean: 61.34), with 50.6% reporting negative and 49.4% positive views. BSN/Post RN holders had more positive perceptions than those with diplomas or MBBS, indicating education may influence collaborative attitudes. Conclusion: Interdisciplinary collaboration is crucial for efficient healthcare delivery. Positive perceptions among healthcare workers (HCWs) enhance staff satisfaction and patient outcomes. The study highlights the need for ongoing training to foster stronger nurse–physician collaboration in hospital settings.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Perceptions
  topic: keywords
subject: Interdisciplinary Collaboration
  topic: keywords
subject: Demographic Factors
  topic: keywords
creator: Aliya Zainab
creator: Qaisar Ud Din
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 36
ending page: 53

CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND UNMET FAMILY PLANNING NEEDS IN DERA GHAZI KHAN
type: item
description: This study, conducted at AIMS Muzaffarabad (April–September 2024), compared 12 mg and 15 mg doses of bupivacaine for spinal anesthesia in elective cesarean sections. Maternal hypotension occurred in 16% of patients with 12 mg and 24% with 15 mg. Other complications like bradycardia, respiratory depression, nausea/vomiting, and patient discomfort were also assessed. The study concludes that 12 mg bupivacaine results in less hypotension, potentially reducing the need for interventions such as vasopressors or fluid overload
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: CONTRACEPTIVE USE AND UNMET
  topic: keywords
subject: FAMILY PLANNING NEEDS
  topic: keywords
subject: IN DERA GHAZI KHAN
  topic: keywords
creator: Nighat Jabeen
creator: Shazia Irshad
creator: Asima Akram
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 28
ending page: 35

EFFECT OF ANTENATAL CORTICOSTEROIDS ON NICU ADMISSIONS IN PRETERM NEONATES: A PROSPECTIVE STUDY
type: item
description: Preterm birth remains the leading cause of neonatal morbidity and mortality globally. While antenatal corticosteroids (ANC) are well-established for promoting fetal lung maturity and reducing respiratory complications between 24 and 34 weeks of gestation, their role in late preterm births (34–36+6 weeks) is still being evaluated. This prospective observational study, conducted over six months at Akhtar Saeed Medical College, included 120 high-risk pregnant women between 34+0 and 36+6 weeks of gestation who received intramuscular betamethasone (12 mg for two consecutive days). The sample size was calculated using the WHO sample size calculator, and maternal demographics, delivery details, and neonatal outcomes—including NICU admission, respiratory distress syndrome (RDS), transient tachypnea of the newborn (TTN), and hypoglycemia—were recorded and analyzed using SPSS v26. The findings revealed a statistically significant reduction in NICU admissions (1.25 vs. 1.32 in historical controls) and improved respiratory outcomes in the ANC group, including reduced incidence of RDS and TTN and less need for invasive respiratory support. These results support the use of ANC in late preterm pregnancies and align with emerging clinical guidelines advocating for its inclusion in management protocols for pregnancies at risk of late preterm delivery.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Antenatal corticosteroids, Late preterm, NICU, Neonatal outcomes, RDS, TTN, Betamethasone
  topic: keywords
creator: Maha Naseer
creator: Qura Tul Ain
creator: Misbah Farooq
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 21
ending page: 27

PREVALENCE OF DIABETES AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN CHILDREN WITH CELIAC DISEASE
type: item
description: Background: Celiac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) are autoimmune disorders, with children having CD at higher risk for T1D. Objective: To determine the incidence of T1D in children with CD and evaluate their glycemic control using postprandial glucose (PPG) and HbA1c levels. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 115 pediatric CD patients at CNH, Lahore (July 2023–Jan 2024). Clinical and lab data were collected, and patients were assessed by gastroenterologists and endocrinologists for medical history, diet adherence, and symptoms. Results: Among 115 children, 7% (n=8) were diagnosed with T1D based on PPG. Additionally, 10% (n=12) had HbA1c >6.5%, indicating poor glycemic control; 8 had T1D, 4 had elevated HbA1c without T1D diagnosis. Strict gluten-free diet adherence correlated with better glycemic control (mean HbA1c 5.8%) versus moderate (6.4%) or poor adherence (7.0%). Conclusion: Children with CD have increased T1D risk; regular diabetes screening via PPG and HbA1c is vital. Adherence to a gluten-free diet significantly improves glycemic control and may reduce diabetes risk.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Stress, Work-Life Balance, EI, Paramedics
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr. Amna Javed
creator: Ayesha Javed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 15
ending page: 20

COMPARING EARLY AND DELAYED ILEOSTOMY REVERSAL IN INTESTINAL PERFORATION PATIENTS
type: item
description: Background: Ileostomy reversal after intestinal perforation restores gastrointestinal function, but optimal timing (early vs. delayed) remains debated. Objective: To compare outcomes of early versus delayed ileostomy reversal in intestinal perforation patients. Methods: A descriptive case series of 90 patients at Lahore General Hospital was divided into early (reversal ≤3 months) and delayed (>3 months) groups. Data were collected preoperatively, during surgery, at discharge, and during 30-day follow-up. Results: The early group (n=45) showed faster recovery with earlier return to normal activity (21.3 vs. 26.7 days, p=0.01) and work (35.2 vs. 42.1 days, p=0.04). Satisfactory recovery was higher (55.6% vs. 40%, p=0.05), along with better postoperative quality of life scores (80.4 vs. 75.3, p=0.03). No significant differences were found in complication rates, hospital stay, or pain. Conclusion: Early ileostomy reversal promotes faster recovery, higher satisfaction, and improved quality of life without increasing complications.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: COMPARING EARLY AND DELAYED
  topic: keywords
subject: ILEOSTOMY REVERSAL IN INTESTINAL
  topic: keywords
subject: PERFORATION PATIENTS
  topic: keywords
creator: Kamran Shahzad
creator: Haleema Saadia khan
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 9
ending page: 14

PARENTAL EMOTIONAL ABUSE, RESILIENCE, AND ACADEMIC PROCRASTINATION IN PAKISTANI MEDICAL STUDENTS
type: item
description: Limited research exists on parental emotional abuse, resilience, expressive suppression, and academic procrastination, especially in Pakistan. This cross-sectional study used purposive sampling to collect data from 18–35-year-old medical students across public and private institutions. Findings showed parental emotional abuse and expressive suppression positively correlated with academic procrastination, while resilience was negatively correlated. Mediation analysis found no significant role for expressive suppression, but resilience significantly moderated the link between emotional abuse and procrastination. The study suggests targeted interventions to improve medical students' well-being
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Parental Emotional Abuse
  topic: keywords
subject: Expressive Suppression
  topic: keywords
subject: Resilience
  topic: keywords
subject: Academic Procrastination
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Ahmad Raza
creator: Rabia Raza
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-06-30
publication date: 2025-06-30
starting page: 1
ending page: 8

NURSING INTERVENTIONS TO PROMOTE SELF-CARE IN CEREBRAL PALSY: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
type: item
description: Context: Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a non-progressive brain disorder causing motor impairments and related complications affecting health and development. Effective nursing care is essential to improve self-care skills in CP patients. Aim: To assess nurses’ knowledge, attitude, and practices (KAP) in managing CP to enhance self-care development in adolescents and adults, ultimately improving neonatal health outcomes in Pakistan. Method: A descriptive cross-sectional study involving 150 nurses assessed KAP regarding CP care and its impact on patients' self-care skills. Data analyzed correlations between nursing interventions and self-care improvements. Results: 85% correctly defined CP; 69% understood self-care interventions, revealing knowledge gaps. 82% believed CP patients could develop self-care with proper nursing support; 90% recognized nurses’ critical role. Nursing practices included assisting daily activities (90%), promoting mobility (87%), and family education (83%). Strong positive correlations (p < 0.001) were found between nursing interventions and patient self-care improvements. Conclusion: Nursing knowledge, attitudes, and practices significantly influence self-care development in CP patients. Enhancing nurse training can improve patient independence and quality of life, highlighting the critical role of nursing in CP management.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Nursing Interventions to Enhance Self-Care in Cerebral Palsy
  topic: keywords
creator: Asima Akram
creator: Shazia Irshad
creator: Nighat Jabeen
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 56
ending page: 66

KNOWLEDGE OF SCABIES IN A RURAL FEMALE POPULATION, LAHORE
type: item
description: Background: Scabies is endemic in many mountainous regions of Pakistan, and overcrowded, unhygienic conditions—such as in post-earthquake IDP camps—can trigger large-scale outbreaks. Objective: To assess knowledge of scabies among women in a rural community in Lahore. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted among 75 women from the Gajjumata community in Lahore, selected via convenience sampling. Results: Among participants, 93.3% identified scratching as a cause of scabies, 73.3% recognized the skin as the main affected organ, and 86.7% were aware that nighttime itching and heat sensation are key symptoms. Conclusion: Women in the Gajjumata community demonstrated generally good knowledge of scabies, particularly regarding its symptoms and affected areas
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Scabies
  topic: keywords
subject: Awareness
  topic: keywords
subject: Rural Women
  topic: keywords
subject: Gajjumata, Lahore
  topic: keywords
creator: Hajra Ameer Shaikh
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 35
ending page: 55

SHARED GENETIC PATHWAYS IN HEPATITIS B/C AND CIRRHOSIS: A NETWORK-BASED GENE EXPRESSION ANALYSIS
type: item
description: Hepatitis B and C (HBV, HCV) are major global contributors to liver disease and often lead to cirrhosis. This study explored shared genetic features linking HBV/HCV infections to cirrhosis using a network-based analysis of gene expression data. Transcriptomic profiles from GEO datasets (GSE121248, GSE55092, GSE89377, GSE139602) were integrated, identifying 47 commonly upregulated genes associated with disease progression. Functional enrichment and pathway analysis were conducted using R, while a protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was constructed via the STRING plugin in Cytoscape. Ten hub genes (CDC20, CCNB2, MELK, AURKA, PRC1, TOP2A, CDCA5, PTTG1, TYMS, UBE2C) were identified as key modulators. Additional interaction networks—TF–miRNA and drug–gene—were developed using NetworkAnalyst. This systems biology approach highlights the molecular complexity underlying hepatitis-related cirrhosis and identifies candidate genes for potential therapeutic targeting, pending further validation
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: HBV/HCV
  topic: keywords
subject: Cirrhosis
  topic: keywords
subject: PPI Network
  topic: keywords
subject: Hub Genes
  topic: keywords
subject: Drug Interaction Network
  topic: keywords
creator: Kainat Zia
creator: Minah Majid Javed
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 24
ending page: 34

TENS FOR POSTOPERATIVE PAIN AFTER CABG: A RANDOMIZED CONTROLLED TRIAL
type: item
description: Background: Managing postoperative pain after Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) surgery remains challenging, with limited evidence on effective interventions. This trial evaluated the impact of Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation (TENS) on post-CABG pain. Methodology: A single-blind, two-arm randomized controlled trial was conducted with 68 CABG patients aged 40–70 years. Patients with serious cardiac or pulmonary conditions were excluded. Participants were randomly assigned to Group A (TENS + standard care, n=34) or Group B (standard care only, n=34). TENS was applied twice daily for 30 minutes over 5 days. Pain was measured using the Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) before and after intervention. Data were analyzed with SPSS 25, and chi-square tests determined significance (p ≤ 0.05). Results: Group A showed a significant reduction in pain compared to Group B (p < 0.001). Notably, 61.8% of Group A reported no pain post-treatment, while 44.1% of Group B experienced moderate pain. Conclusion: TENS combined with standard care significantly reduces postoperative pain after CABG and offers a cost-effective, efficient pain management option
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: CABG
  topic: keywords
subject: Cardiac Surgery
  topic: keywords
subject: Postoperative Pain
  topic: keywords
subject: TENS
  topic: keywords
creator: Muhammad Latif
creator: Naheed Manzoor
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 16
ending page: 23

MANAGING MAJOR DEPRESSION WITH BORDERLINE PERSONALITY TRAITS: THERAPEUTIC INSIGHTS
type: item
description: The co-occurrence of Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) and borderline personality traits presents clinical challenges marked by emotional instability and interpersonal difficulties. This case-based study examines a multimodal therapeutic approach combining cognitive-behavioral techniques with positive psychology interventions—such as strengths identification, gratitude, hope-building, and self-compassion. Psychoeducation and family involvement further supported communication and social functioning. The integrated approach led to improvements in mood stability, interpersonal skills, and self-efficacy. Findings highlight the value of strength-based, holistic models in treating individuals with MDD and borderline traits.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Depression
  topic: keywords
subject: Borderline Traits
  topic: keywords
subject: CBT
  topic: keywords
subject: Positive Psychology
  topic: keywords
subject: Emotion Regulation
  topic: keywords
subject: Therapy Strategies
  topic: keywords
creator: Asima Akram
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 8
ending page: 15

NON-ENDOSCOPIC ASSESSMENT OF ESOPHAGEAL VARICES IN LIVER CIRRHOSIS
type: item
description: Objective: To determine the frequency and non-endoscopic predictors of esophageal varices in liver cirrhosis patients at a tertiary care hospital. Study Design: Cross-sectional. Setting & Duration: Department of Gastroenterology, Liaquat University of Medical and Health Sciences, Jamshoro. Methodology: This observational study included 109 liver cirrhosis patients. Each underwent clinical assessment, laboratory tests, portal vein Doppler, and upper GI endoscopy to confirm esophageal varices. Data were analyzed using SPSS v26. Quantitative variables were expressed as mean ± SD; qualitative variables as frequencies and percentages. Results: Mean age was 45 ± 14.32 years; 65.1% were male. Child-Pugh classification showed 36% Class A, 30.4% Class B, and 33.6% Class C. Ascites (80%) was the most common cirrhosis presentation. Esophageal varices were found in 52.2% of patients, with Grade III being most common. Significant non-endoscopic predictors included age, gender, Child-Pugh class, splenomegaly, portal vein diameter, serum albumin, bilirubin, platelet count, and Hepatitis B/C status. Conclusion: Non-invasive clinical, biochemical, and radiological markers can help predict esophageal varices, potentially reducing the need for routine endoscopy.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: esophageal varices
  topic: keywords
subject: non-invasive
  topic: keywords
subject: predictors
  topic: keywords
subject: platelet/spleen
  topic: keywords
creator: Sammad Lal Abbasi
creator: Rao Shaheer Shahid
rights: Copyright (c) 2025
date: 2025-03-31
publication date: 2025-03-31
starting page: 1
ending page: 7

EXPLORING POSTPARTUM DEPRESSION AND ITS ASSOCIATED RISK FACTORS IN PRIMIPAROUS WOMEN ATTENDING OUTPATIENT DEPARTMENTS
type: item
description: Objectives 1.To assess the prevalence of post-partum depression in primiparous women. 2.To identify demographic, and psychosocial, risk factors associated with PPD. Methodology A Cross sectional study was conducted at Liaquat University Hospital Hyderabad/Jamshoro. Sample size of the study was 240. Data was collected through EPDS, analyzed through SPSS. Results Results of this study revealed 68.8% prevalence of PPD, Significant positive association were found between socio-economic status, occupation of participants and PPD(p=0.00), significant negative correlation were found between participant’s residency, ethnic group and PPD. Conclusion In current study prevalence of PPD was high. From study findings it is concluded that prevalence of PPD is highly associated with risk factors like, Unemployment and low socio-economic status.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Depression
  topic: keywords
subject: Primiparous
  topic: keywords
subject: Post partum depression
  topic: keywords
subject: Edinburgh postnatal scale
  topic: keywords
creator: Irfan Ali Chandio
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 47
ending page: 57

EFFICACY OF ANTENATAL MAGNESIUM SULPHATE IN REDUCING CEREBRAL PALSY RISK: A SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND META-ANALYSIS
type: item
description: Background: Cerebral palsy (CP) is a leading cause of lifelong disability among preterm infants. Antenatal magnesium sulphate (MgSO₄) has emerged as a candidate neuroprotective intervention, but the magnitude and consistency of its effects remain debated. Objective: To systematically assess the efficacy and safety of antenatal MgSO₄ in reducing CP incidence among preterm infants, through meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs). Methods: A systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted in accordance with PRISMA 2020 guidelines. Electronic databases (MEDLINE, Embase, CENTRAL, and ClinicalTrials.gov) were searched through June 2025 for RCTs evaluating antenatal MgSO₄ in women at risk of preterm birth (<37 weeks gestation). Two reviewers independently screened studies, extracted data, and assessed risk of bias. The primary outcome was the incidence of cerebral palsy. Secondary outcomes included neonatal mortality and adverse maternal effects. Random-effects models were used to pool risk ratios (RRs), and certainty of evidence was assessed via GRADE. Results: Eight RCTs comprising 6,145 infants met inclusion criteria. Antenatal MgSO₄ significantly reduced the risk of cerebral palsy (RR 0.70; 95% CI 0.56–0.87; I² = 22%). There was no significant increase in neonatal mortality (RR 1.01; 95% CI 0.89–1.15). Maternal side effects (e.g., flushing, hypotension) were transient and manageable. Overall certainty of evidence was rated high. Conclusion: Antenatal magnesium sulphate confers a substantial neuroprotective effect in preterm infants, significantly lowering the risk of cerebral palsy without elevating mortality risk. Clinical guidelines should endorse its routine use in cases of imminent preterm birth.
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: magnesium sulfate
  topic: keywords
subject: antenatal
  topic: keywords
subject: preterm birth
  topic: keywords
subject: cerebral palsy
  topic: keywords
subject: neuroprotection
  topic: keywords
subject: and randomized controlled trial
  topic: keywords
creator: Dr Amber Shams
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 43
ending page: 46

LEVEL OF LIFE SATISFACTION AMONG PATIENTS OF END STAGE RENAL DISEASE (ESRD) UNDERGOING HEMODIALYSIS: A CROSS-SECTIONAL STUDY
type: item
description: Objective: The present study aims to investigate the Level of Life satisfaction among patients of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) undergoing hemodialysis. Methodology: A total of 100 patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) were included in this cross-sectional study. Participants were categorized into two age groups: above 45 and below 45. Both genders were included, and all participants resided in Islamabad or Rawalpindi. The demographic data collected included gender, family system, and socioeconomic status. Descriptive frequency and Chi-square tests were used for the analysis of the results. Results: Analysis showed that 28% of patients were under 45 years old, while the remaining 72% of patients were over 45 years old. Dissatisfaction was frequent, indeed: 22% were dissatisfied, and 29% were slightly dissatisfied, versus 11% slightly satisfied, 11% satisfied, and 10% very satisfied. Conclusion:The results indicate that Level of Life Satisfaction was inadequate {dissatisfied (22%) and slightly dissatisfied (29%)}. Findings concluded that patients with End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) were not experiencing an adequate level of life satisfaction due to chemical changes in the kidneys and the physiological distress associated with ESRD
subject: Articles
  topic: section
subject: Level of Life satisfaction
  topic: keywords
subject: patients of End Stage Renal Disease (ESRD) & undergoing hemodialysis
  topic: keywords
creator: Ms. Muqdas Baig
rights: Copyright (c) 2024
date: 2024-12-31
publication date: 2024-12-31
starting page: 37
ending page: 42