PREVALENCE OF DIABETES AND GLYCEMIC CONTROL IN CHILDREN WITH CELIAC DISEASE

Abstract

Background: Celiac disease (CD) and type 1 diabetes (T1D) are autoimmune disorders, with children having CD at higher risk for T1D. Objective: To determine the incidence of T1D in children with CD and evaluate their glycemic control using postprandial glucose (PPG) and HbA1c levels. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 115 pediatric CD patients at CNH, Lahore (July 2023–Jan 2024). Clinical and lab data were collected, and patients were assessed by gastroenterologists and endocrinologists for medical history, diet adherence, and symptoms. Results: Among 115 children, 7% (n=8) were diagnosed with T1D based on PPG. Additionally, 10% (n=12) had HbA1c >6.5%, indicating poor glycemic control; 8 had T1D, 4 had elevated HbA1c without T1D diagnosis. Strict gluten-free diet adherence correlated with better glycemic control (mean HbA1c 5.8%) versus moderate (6.4%) or poor adherence (7.0%). Conclusion: Children with CD have increased T1D risk; regular diabetes screening via PPG and HbA1c is vital. Adherence to a gluten-free diet significantly improves glycemic control and may reduce diabetes risk.